This means that bit-flag-like types with conversion to bool can be
asserted on, like so `REQUIRE(var & Flags::AddNewline)`.

-- Combined with f4fc2dab2c5bb8cab11b0a0dde8a8421076c30f9
   during cherry-picking.

This is a partial revert of b7b346c3e5603.

The old code caused warnings to fire under MSVC, and Clang <3.8.
I could not find a GCC version where it worked, but I assume that it
did at some point.

This new code causes all of MSVC, GCC, Clang, in current versions,
to emit signed/unsigned comparison warning in test like this:

```cpp
TEST_CASE() {
    int32_t i = -1;
    uint32_t j = 1;
    REQUIRE(i != j);
}
```

Where previously only MSVC would emit the warning.

Fixes #1880

These files are not included by the default
`#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>` path, so that users do
not have to pay for them if they do not use them. Follow up is to
split out the small part of `catch_preprocessor.hpp` used by the
default test macros (AFAIK, it is just `INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS`
macro), so that it is not included by the default path either.

Also fixes #1892 by providing the missing macros.

This is both a really big and a really small commit. It is small in
that it only contains renaming, moving and modification of include
directives caused by this.

It is really big in the obvious way of touching something like 200
files.

The new rules for naming files is simple: headers use the `.hpp`
extension. The rules for physical file layout is still kinda in
progress, but the basics are also simple:
 * Significant parts of functionality get their own subfolder
   * Benchmarking is in `catch2/benchmark`
   * Matchers are in `catch2/matchers`
   * Generators are in `catch2/generators`
   * Reporters are in `catch2/reporters`
   * Baseline testing facilities are in `catch2/`
 * Various top level folders also contain `internal` subfolder,
   with files that users probably do not want to include directly,
   at least not until they have to write something like their own
   reporter.
    * The exact files in these subfolders is likely to change later
      on

Note that while some includes were cleaned up in this commit, it
is only the low hanging fruit and further cleanup using automatic
tooling will happen later.

Also note that various include guards, copyright notices and file
headers will also be standardized later, rather than in this commit.

This was an old "include all" header, that we no longer want to be
usable, to make the include differences in new versions explicit.

We will introduce new "include all" headers later, in the form of
`catch_all.hpp`, `catch_matchers_all.hpp` and so on...