This solves warning about the `uniform_fp_test_params` helper
being unused on M1 mac (or any other platform using GCC and not
using SSE2).

Closes #2845

Now we use intrinsics when possible, and fallback to optimized
implementation in portable C++. The difference is about 4x when
we can use intrinsics and about 2x when we cannot.

This should speed up our Lemire's algorithm implementation nicely.

The previously used `make_unsigned` approach combined with the overload
set of `extendedMult` caused compilation issues on MacOS platform. By
forcing the selection to be one of `std::uintX_t` types we don't need
to complicate the overload set further.

* bugprone-branch-clone
* bugprone-copy-constructor-init
* bugprone-empty-catch
* bugprone-sizeof-expression
* bugprone-switch-missing-default-case
* bugprone-unused-local-non-trivial-variable
* clang-analyzer-core.uninitialized.Assign
* clang-analyzer-cplusplus.Move
* clang-analyzer-optin.cplusplus.VirtualCall
* modernize-loop-convert
* modernize-raw-string-literal
* modernize-use-equals-default
* modernize-use-override
* modernize-use-using
* performance-avoid-endl
* performance-inefficient-string-concatenation
* performance-inefficient-vector-operation
* performance-noexcept-move-constructor
* performance-unnecessary-value-param (and improve generator example)
* readability-duplicate-include
* readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name
* readability-non-const-parameter
* readability-redundant-casting
* readability-redundant-member-init
* readability-redundant-smartptr-get
* readability-static-accessed-through-instance
* unused variable in amalgamted tests

Without SSE2 enabled, x86 targets will use x87 FPU, which breaks
the tests checking for reproducible results from our random
floating point number generators. The output is still reproducible,
at least between binaries targetting x87, but the tests hardcode
results for the whole pipeline being done in 32/64bit precision.

Closes #2796

By moving to use our `uniform_integer_distribution`, which is
reproducible across different platforms, instead of the stdlib
one which is not, we can provide reproducible results for `float`s
and `double`s. Still no reproducibility for `long double`s, because
those are too different across different platforms.